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Project 2

YYYYYY Community advocates call on cities and state to protect climate, health and jobs from fast-approaching oil crisis California communities and workers face an escalating climate jobs crisis that we can forestall by scaling down oil refining for export over the next few years starting now, says a community- sponsored research report, released today. “Starting sooner allows state climate targets to be met by cutting oil use more gradually, which makes transitions that protect workers and communities possible and climate goals feasible,” said Greg Karras, who authored the report for Communities for a Better Environment (CBE). “The Climate Crisis is here and now” said Andrés Soto, Richmond Environmental Justice Advocate. “This report makes clear what we have been saying for years, communities like Richmond must start now on planning our Just Transition away from refinery-based economics and plan for the changes we need to redesign our communities and save the planet,” Soto said. The report shows that the scientific consensus which holds that oil use must be cut rapidly to stabilize global heating at 1.5–2oC applies to the situation in California. Among its findings: • Petroleum energy emits more carbon than all other activities in California combined. • Clean energy alternatives to petroleum can provide more jobs than petroleum energy. • Oil refining rates must be cut at least 80% by mid-century to meet state climate targets, even if all non-petroleum emissions are cut to their share of those targets. • California refineries import crude to export fuels; from 2013–2017 they imported 66% of the oil they refined and exported 20–33% of the refined fuels they produced. •

Project 1

xxxxxx Community advocates call on cities and state to protect climate, health and jobs from fast-approaching oil crisis California communities and workers face an escalating climate jobs crisis that we can forestall by scaling down oil refining for export over the next few years starting now, says a community- sponsored research report, released today. “Starting sooner allows state climate targets to be met by cutting oil use more gradually, which makes transitions that protect workers and communities possible and climate goals feasible,” said Greg Karras, who authored the report for Communities for a Better Environment (CBE). “The Climate Crisis is here and now” said Andrés Soto, Richmond Environmental Justice Advocate. “This report makes clear what we have been saying for years, communities like Richmond must start now on planning our Just Transition away from refinery-based economics and plan for the changes we need to redesign our communities and save the planet,” Soto said. The report shows that the scientific consensus which holds that oil use must be cut rapidly to stabilize global heating at 1.5–2oC applies to the situation in California. Among its findings: • Petroleum energy emits more carbon than all other activities in California combined. • Clean energy alternatives to petroleum can provide more jobs than petroleum energy. • Oil refining rates must be cut at least 80% by mid-century to meet state climate targets, even if all non-petroleum emissions are cut to their share of those targets. • California refineries import crude to export fuels; from 2013–2017 they imported 66% of the oil they refined and exported 20–33% of the refined fuels they produced. •

Sensor Technology – Handheld XRF: How it works

XRF is an acronym for x-ray fluorescence, a process whereby electrons are displaced from their atomic orbital positions, releasing a burst of energy that is characteristic of a specific element. This release of energy is then registered by the detector in then XRF instrument, which in turn categorizes the energies by element.

 

https://www.bruker.com/products/x-ray-diffraction-and-elemental-analysis/handheld-xrf/how-xrf-works.html

Air District-operated monitor – How-to

The relatively poor air quality over the past week or two is mostly due to recent meteorology conditions. The persistent high pressure over California right now leads to cooler temperatures, a low inversion layer, light winds (no storms), and poor vertical mixing. This meteorology pattern traps our area’s emissions within the area and closer to the ground, leading to higher measured concentrations. Hopefully this will ease up a bit later this week.

I have passed along the information that the AirNow site is listing “Fairfield” on the Current AQI and AQI Loop of the “NowCast” values (as in the screenshot below). However, even though the header says Fairfield, the measured AQI listed on the AirNow page is not specific to any given monitor. The map and current AQI listed is the highest AQI measured for that hour at any site in the reporting zone for the zip code that is entered. There are five reporting zones in the Bay Area – and they are shown on the map here: http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality and described here http://www.sparetheair.org/stay-informed/todays-air-quality/reporting-zones. Vallejo is in the Northern Zone, so for our AQI forecasts and AirNow current AQI, it is reflecting the maximum AQI in that whole area for a given day or hour.

I think a better site to track real-time measured concentrations at a specific Air District-operated monitor is the query page for the CARB AQMIS database located at https://www.arb.ca.gov/aqmis2/aqdselect.php. You can select filters to look at PM2.5 daily averages and our area by selecting the Air Basin to be “San Francisco Bay Area”. The “Daily Data” tab shows the 24-hour averages at each site for a week (week at a glance) or the max 24-hour value for each day in the whole Bay Area for the entire year (year at a glance). The “Hourly Data” tab gives a table of hourly values for the given day at each site.

Modeled PM2.5 Removal by Trees in Ten U.S. Cities and Associated Health Effects

Urban particulate air pollution is a serious health issue. Trees within cities can remove fine particles from the atmosphere and consequently improve air quality and human health. Tree effects on PM2.5 concentrations and human health are modeled for 10 U.S. cities. The total amount of PM2.5 removed annually by trees varied from 4.7 tonnes in Syracuse to 64.5 tonnes in Atlanta, with annual values varying from $1.1 million in Syracuse to $60.1 million in New York City. Most of these values were from the effects of reducing human mortality. Mortality reductions were typically around 1 person yr-1 per city, but were as high as 7.6 people yr-1 in New York City. Average annual percent air quality improvement ranged be- tween 0.05% in San Francisco and 0.24% in Atlanta. Understanding the impact of urban trees on air quality can lead to improved urban forest management strategies to sustain human health in cities.

See here https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/43676

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